Glomus versiforme and Micrococcus yunnanensis reduce the negative effects of salinity stress by regulating the redox state and ion homeostasis in Brassica napus L. crops

Abstract Salinity stress is a major threat that negatively affects plant growth and production in arid semi- regions. Application of biofertilizers could mitigate this stress. Accordingly, pot experiment was conducted on rapeseed grown under salinity (0, 5, 10, 15 dS m −1 ) while considering the following additives: (1) AMF (non-inoculated inoculated with Glomus versiforme (2) PGPR Micrococcus yunnanensis) . The present results showed led to significant reductions growth, yield, yield components, physiological attributes, raising Na + /K ratio. However, application AMF, increased tolerance resulted improvement redox status ion homeostasis. They considerably improved antioxidant enzymatic activity nutrition status. Furthermore, co-inoculation chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, photosynthesis rate, percentage oil 1.7-, 1.8-, 2.3-, 2.0- 1.3-times, respectively, compared non-inoculation treatment. These findings indicate integral essential for alleviating